直接話法と間接話法
直接話法と間接話法(肯定文) 間接話法(疑問文) 間接話法(命令/依頼/忠告/提案) 間接話法(感嘆文/祈願文) 間接話法(重文/複数の文) 直接話法と間接話法の問題演習
高校英文法の話法を練習問題にしています。全20問構成で、 練習問題の最後に解説があります。間違えた問題は解説を参考にしてください。
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(1) She said to me,“I will go shopping.”
She ( ) me that ( )( ) go shopping.
(2) Mother said to me,“Clean your room.”
Mother ( ) me ( ) clean ( ) room.
(3) Our teacher said to us,“Don't be late for school.”
Our teacher told us ( )( ) be late for school.
(4) He said to me,“Please open the door.”
He ( ) me ( )( ) the door.
(5) He said to us,“Let's go for a walk.”
He ( ) to us that we ( ) for a walk.
(6) She said to him,“How did you come here?”
She asked him how ( )( )( )( ).
(7) He said to her,“Did you call me yesterday?”
He asked her ( ) she ( )( ) him ( )( )( ).
(8) She said,“How happy I am!”
She said ( ) joy that she ( )( ) happy.
(9) Our leader said,“Two members are tired and we have to take a rest.”
Our leader said that two members ( ) tired and ( ) we had to take a rest.
(10) He said to me,“Study hard, and you will pass the exam.”
He told me ( )( ) studied hard ( )( ) pass the exam.
(1) She said to Tonny,“I want to see you next week.”
She told Tonny that ( )( ) to see him ( ) next week.
(2) Father said to me,“The earth goes around the sun.”
Father told me that the earth ( ) around the sun.
(3) She said to him,“Did you do your homework yesterday ?”
She asked him ( )( )( )( ) his homework the day before.
(4) He said to me,“Don't smoke here, please.”
He ( ) me ( )( ) smoke ( ).
(5) Father said to me yesterday,“My friend will come to our house tomorrow.”
Father told me yesterday that ( ) friend ( ) come to our house ( ) .
(6) She said,“May he be alive !”
She ( ) that he ( )( ) alive.
(7) Mother said to me,“I'm going shopping. Will you go with me ?”
Mother ( ) me that ( )( ) going shopping and ( ) me ( ) I ( ) go with her.
(1) He told me not to tell a lie.
He ( ) to me,“( )( ) a lie.”
(2) She exclaimed how careless she had been.
She said,“( ) careless ( )( ) !”
(3) The policeman greeted him and asked what he was doing then.
The policeman said to him,“( )! What ( )( ) doing ( ) ?”
話法の問題演習_解説
A 1.told/she would：said to 人の肯定文は、told+人+that S+V に。時制の一致でwill→would を忘れずに。
2.told/to/my：「人に～するように言う」は、tell＋人＋to do~。
3.not to：tell+人+not to~ 「～しないように人に言う」
4.asked/to open：被伝達文でPlease~があれば、動詞は、ask＋人＋to do~で、「人に～することを頼む」
5.suggested [proposed]／go：被伝達文でLet's~があれば、動詞は、suggest, propose「提案する」を用います。that節中では、仮定法現在の(should)＋原形
6.he had come there：疑問詞を用いた疑問文の場合、ask＋人＋疑問詞＋S+V~ 。被伝達部の過去形は過去完了形に。here(ここ)はthere(そこ)に
7.if/had called/the previous day：疑問詞のない疑問文の場合、ask＋人＋if[whether]＋S+V~ 。ifは「～かどうかを」。yesterdayは、the previous day, か the day before 「前の日」に。
8.with/was very：感嘆文の話法は、伝達動詞をexclaim, cry (叫ぶ)にする場合と、「喜んで言う」say with joy (delight), 「ため息をついて言う」say with a sigh,「後悔して言う」say with regret, などを用います。what, how を用いない場合は、very を加えましょう。
9.were/that：重文の間接話法です。被伝達文の重文が続く場合、and, but の後はthatでつなぎます。
10.if I/I would：命令文＋and~の話法は、まずifS+V~に直して間接話法にします。
B 1.she wanted/the：next~(次の～)→ the next~, the following~ (その次の～)
2.goes：普遍的な真理や現在の習慣などは時制の一致の例外です。
3.if he had done：疑問詞がないので、if S+V~ 時制の一致で過去完了に。
4.asked/not to/there：Don'tとpleaseがあるので、動詞はask+人+not to do~「～しないように頼む」 here(ここで)→there(そこで)
5.his/would/today：代名詞をhis、時制の一致でwillをwould、tomorrowと言ったのは昨日なので、間接話法ではtoday に。
6.prayed/might be：祈願文はpray, beg, wish などを伝達動詞に用います。時制の一致で、may→might。
7.told/she was/asked/if/would：2種類以上の文を含む間接話法は、内容によって伝達動詞を分けます。
C 1.said/Don't tell：直接話法の伝達動詞は、said+to+人に。tell+人＋not to do~(人に～しないように言う)は、Don't~に書き換え。
2.how/I was：間接話法の中で、exclaimed(叫ぶ)とhowが使われているので、感嘆文。
3.Hello/are you/now：間接話法の伝達動詞greetは、「挨拶する」なので、直接話法では、HelloやHiなどの語句に替えます。then(その時)はnow(今)に
直接話法と間接話法のテーマはここで終了です。お疲れ様でした。